I've got your back, knice.
We have just the clarification you're looking for about upgrading QuickBooks Desktop.
You can use any of the currently supported versions of QuickBooks when upgrading from the 2012 Premier version. However, since it didn't work, you may need to check and make sure that your computer meets the QuickBooks Desktop system requirements.
Otherwise, you won't be able to do the upgrade properly. Lastly, you may also be interested in using the QuickBooks Desktop trial links for the upgrade and to convert your company file to the latest version.
Let me know how it goes, I'm determined to get this resolved for you. Thanks for reaching out, I'll be standing by for your response.